QUADRAT DTP: Historical trends and future projections in lake and river ice phenology

About the project

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QUADRAT DTP: Historical trends and future projections in lake and river ice phenology

• QUADRAT DTP: Historical trends and future projections in lake and river ice phenology: School of Natural and Built Environment | PHD Applications are now CLOSED
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Overview

This fully funded, 42-month PhD project is part of the QUADRAT Doctoral Training Partnership. In the last century the global average temperature has increased by ~1 °C, with the rate of increase doubling in recent decades and the northern high latitudes warming at 2-3 times the rate of the global average. This temperature rise has influenced all parts of the climate system, in particular seasonal temperature cycles. At high latitudes and altitudes one of the main controls on hydrological and biogeochemical processes is the freeze and thaw of lake and river ice. The presence of lake and river ice is predominantly (though not exclusively) controlled by surface air temperature changes. Thus, changes in the dates of freezeup and breakup provide an additional window through which to explore the impacts of anthropogenic climate change on temperature.

Although there is model variability on the exact rate of change, the majority of climate models suggest progressive temperature increases throughout the 21st century and a tendency for these changes to be magnified at higher latitudes, likely resulting in shifts in the 0 °C isotherm. Since the majority of lakes and rivers that seasonally freeze are located at high latitudes above the 0 °C isotherm it is crucial to understand the historical patterns and causes of ice phenology change in order to confidently project their future evolution, their climate feedbacks, and the potential knock-on effects on human populations in these regions. A considerable amount of observational data exists on the breakup and freezeup records of many Northern Hemisphere lakes and rivers, occasionally going back several centuries. However, it is typically only the few longest records that have been exploited in detailed statistical analyses. Recent work by Newton and Mullan (2021) has shown the potential for extracting much more granular detail and insight from exploring the full range of datasets, from decades long, to centuries. Initial work on exploiting these data has shown the potential to generate upwards of 350,000 ice phenology time series that can provide significant insight in local and regional climate changes since 1820. The student will work on these data to 1) determine historical changes; 2) explore the causes of change and climatological relationships; 3) investigate the efficacy of how well these records facilitate lake ice model reconstructions; and 4) consider how to upscale these observations as part of our global efforts to project future lake ice phenology. This project will allow the student to learn a range of skills through the application of different statistical, coding, and GIS methods. The results of this analysis can then be used to understand how, at different scales, global temperature increase will impact lake and river ice phenology, biogeochemical processes, infrastructure changes such as ice roads, and what the potential feedbacks of these future change may be for the wider climate system, e.g. methane release (Emilson et al., 2018). The student will also investigate how these changes compare to other recent palaeoclimate proxies, such as the greening of high latitude regions and lake sedimentation rates. The techniques will provide a basis for a future career in environmental science, in the industrial, government or academic sectors. Candidate Background: The student should be from a geography or environmental science background. They will have strong mathematical/statistical skills and ideally will have some coding experience or be willing to learn (Python and R would be ideal, though this is not essential and the student can be trained). The student should be comfortable working with numerous large datasets. Candidates should have, or expect to achieve, a minimum of a 2.1 Honours degree (or equivalent) in a relevant subject. Applicants with a minimum of a 2.2 Honours degree may be considered providing they have a Distinction at Masters level. We encourage applications from all backgrounds and communities, and are committed to having a diverse, inclusive team. Informal enquiries are encouraged, please contact Dr Andrew Newton for further information. --------------------------------- APPLICATION PROCEDURE: Please visit this page for full application information: How To Apply – QUADRAT Please send your completed application form, along with academic transcripts to quadrat-admissions@abdn.ac.uk Please ensure that two written references from your referees are submitted. It is your responsibility to ensure these are provided, as we will not request references on your behalf. Unfortunately, due to workload constraints, we cannot consider incomplete applications. CV's submitted directly through a FindAPhD enquiry WILL NOT be considered. If you require any additional assistance in submitting your application or have any queries about the application process, please don't hesitate to contact us at quadrat-admissions@abdn.ac.uk

Funding Information

This opportunity is open to UK and International students (The proportion of international students appointed through the QUADRAT DTP is capped at 30% by UKRI NERC). Funding covers: • A monthly stipend for accommodation and living costs, based on UKRI rates (£18,622 for the 23/24 academic year. Stipend rates for the 24/25 academic year have not been set yet) • Tuition Fees • Research and training costs QUADRAT DTP does not provide funding to cover visa and associated healthcare surcharges for international students.

Dr Andrew Newton

More Information

a.newton@qub.ac.uk

Research Profile

Full-time: 3.5 years

Geography overview

The research undertaken within Geography falls under three interdisciplinary Research Cells; PAST, PEOPLE and PLANET. Physical Geography-related projects (PLANET Research Cell) focus on themes such as climate change, long-term landscape and environmental change, resilience of ecosystems, environmental change impacts on heritage structures, and analysis of contaminated lands. Investigative approaches include a range of geo-spatial technologies such as remote sensing, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), big data analysis and spatial and temporal modelling. Much of our research spans several disciplines, for example projects on the restoration of peatlands, climate change implications for resilience and stability of soil, geoforensics and coastal geomorphology. The PAST and PEOPLE Research Cells focus on a number of themes in human geography, both historical and contemporary, which consider the relationships between human society, spatiality and culture. The four main research themes are: The Geographies of Knowledge: Research is focused on the geographies of knowledge, with particular emphasis on the cultures of science. The cluster has expertise on the relationships between science, race and religion since 1650; the historical geographies of scientific knowledge; the cultures of botanic gardens in the age of empire; the reception of Darwinism; the role of climate in debates about human cultures; the geopolitics of apocalyptic thought, and the ways in which cultures of science, technology and outer space are connected to questions of place, landscape and identity in the twentieth century. Landscapes, Critical Cartography and GIS: Research consists of quantitative spatial analyses of socio-economic data and qualitative cultural analyses of landscapes and cartographic knowledge from the medieval to the modern period. Critical cartographic/GIS techniques have been deployed to interrogate the veracity of the knowledge universe of the map, while digitally-translated documentary data have been used to re-configure our understanding of medieval urbanism and agrarian economies, as well as the spatial dynamics of religion and the politics of cartographic rhetoric. Political Geography: Research is focused on nationalism and regional conflict; critical geopolitics of religion; monumental landscapes and the politics of memory; international relations in a globalised world; colonial and postcolonial geographies of India; the processes of border making, geographies of embodiment and the securitisation of public spaces. This work has been carried out from both historical and contemporary perspectives. The Population Dynamics of Contemporary Societies: Research is focused on the population dynamics of contemporary societies and includes census analysis; research on travel to work; employability and labour markets; as well as social and religious segregation particularly in divided cities such as Belfast; the study of borders and external migration. Mode of study / duration Registration is on a full-time or part-time basis, under the direction of a supervisory team appointed by the University. You will be expected to submit your PhD thesis at the end of three years of full-time or 6 years of part-time registration.

Geography at Queens is in the Top 200 in the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU, 2021).

• Geography at Queen’s has a long-standing record of inter-disciplinary approaches to understanding the relationship between humans and their natural and cultural environments. Our graduates are equipped with high levels of expertise relevant to some of the leading challenges faced by the world today. In addition to support from expert staff in Geography, the University’s flagship Graduate School provides postgraduate students with a state-of-the-art interdisciplinary hub to support their personal and professional development. QUB’s Researcher Plus scheme provides PhD students with an opportunity to develop skills which are transferable beyond their research degrees, and the Researcher Plus award provides them with official recognition for the skills acquired in addition to their research. Many of our PhD graduates have moved into academic and research roles in Higher Education while others go on to play leading roles in educational practice, the public sector or within NGO’s. https://www.qub.ac.uk/graduate-school/
• Geography hosts three QUB research centres, the Centre for Data Digitisation and Analysis, the Centre for Canadian Studies and the Centre for GIS and Geomatics. Strong links exist between physical geography and the QUB Centre for Climate, the Environment and Chronology (14C Chrono )and with the School of Biological Sciences. Human geography has significant and extensive links with the School of History, Anthropology, Philosophy and Politics (HAPP) and a number of staff are Fellows of the University's Senator George J. Mitchell Institute for Global Peace, Security and Justice. The University's Core Technology Units (CTUs) provide researchers and graduate students with high-quality training in advanced laboratory techniques and access to state-of-the-art equipment. The Advanced Informatics unit helps us to maintain a comprehensive and systematic data management framework for our research data. The University’s McClay Library brings together wide-ranging library, computing and media services in a single location, blending the best features of a traditional library with the latest technology and provides state-of-the-art study facilities. https://www.qub.ac.uk/about/Campus-and-facilities/The-McClay-Library/ https://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/NBE/Research/facilities-infrastructure/
• Postgraduates form an intrinsic part of our research community and are actively involved in the School's cross-disciplinary Research Groups. Visit our School website and read about the exciting research being undertaken by our current PhD students. https://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/NBE/Study/PostgraduateResearch/
• Research students are encouraged to play a full and active role in relation to the wide range of research activities undertaken within the School and there are many resources available including: Access to the Queen’s University Postgraduate Researcher Development Programme. Office accommodation with access to computing facilities and support to attend conferences for full-time PhD students. Access to the research infrastructure is provided by the School's range of Research Centres and laboratory facilities and by the University’s Core Technology Units. A Geography research seminar series and 'lunch and learn' feedback sessions.

Course content

Associated Research Research Cells attract funding from a range of sources including; NERC, EPSRC, ESRC; AHRC, British Academy, Leverhulme Trust, and JISC. The clusters have developed an international reputation in the themes identified in the overview as demonstrated by an impressive record of scholarly monographs and publishing agenda-setting articles that have informed and influenced research directions within the wider discipline of Geography. The Cells research themes are carried out over a wide range of different geographical contexts and from the Medieval period to the present. Current research is focused on the UK, Ireland, Korea, Italy, Israel/Palestine, the Balkans, USA, Canada, Burma, and India. There are strong connections with cognate disciplines in the Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences in addition to cross-faculty supervision of a number of PhD projects.

Introduction For further information on career opportunities at PhD level please contact the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences Student Recruitment Team on askEPS@qub.ac.uk. Our advisors - in consultation with the School - will be happy to provide further information on your research area, possible career prospects and your research application.

Dr Alastair Ruffell Reader Natural and Built Environment a.ruffell@qub.ac.uk

Dr Andrew Newton Senior Lecturer Natural and Built Environment A.Newton@qub.ac.uk

Dr Diarmid Finnegan Reader Natural and Built Environment https://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/NBE/Research/find-a-phd-supervisor/dr-diarmid-finnegan.html

Dr Donal Mullan Senior Lecturer Natural and Built Environment D.Mullan@qub.ac.uk

Dr Ian Shuttleworth Senior Lecturer Natural and Built Environment i.shuttleworth@qub.ac.uk

Dr Merav Amir Senior Lecturer Natural and Built Environment m.amir@qub.ac.uk

Dr Oliver Dunnett Senior Lecturer Natural and Built Environment o.dunnett@qub.ac.uk

Dr Tristan Sturm Senior Lecturer Natural and Built Environment t.sturm@qub.ac.uk

Prof Gemma Catney Professor Natural and Built Environment g.catney@qub.ac.uk

Prof Helen Roe Professor, Head of PLANET Research Cell Natural and Built Environment h.roe@qub.ac.uk

Professor Christopher Lloyd Professor, Head of PEOPLE Research Cell Natural and Built Environment c.lloyd@qub.ac.uk

Professor Graeme Swindles Professor of Physical Geography, Head of Geography & Archaeo-Palaeoecology Natural and Built Environment g.swindles@qub.ac.uk

Professor Jennifer McKinley Professor Natural and Built Environment j.mckinley@qub.ac.uk

Professor Keith Lilley Professor, Head of PAST Research Cell Natural and Built Environment k.lilley@qub.ac.uk

Assessment processes for a research degree differ from taught degrees. Students will be expected to present drafts of their work at regular intervals to their supervisor who will provide written and oral feedback; a formal assessment process takes place annually. This Annual Progress Review requires students to present their work in writing and orally to a panel of academics from within the School. Successful completion of this process will allow students to register for the next academic year. The final assessment of the doctoral degree is both oral and written. Students will submit their thesis to an internal and external examining team who will review the written thesis before inviting the student to orally defend their work at a Viva Voce.

Supervisors will offer feedback on draft work at regular intervals throughout the period of registration on the degree.

Entrance requirements

Graduate The minimum academic requirement for admission to a research degree programme is normally an Upper Second Class Honours degree from a UK or ROI HE provider, or an equivalent qualification acceptable to the University. Further information can be obtained by contacting the School.

For information on international qualification equivalents, please check the specific information for your country .

Evidence of an IELTS score of 6.5, with not less than 5.5 in any component, or equivalent qualification acceptable to the University is required (taken within the last 2 years).

International students wishing to apply to Queen's University Belfast (and for whom English is not their first language), must be able to demonstrate their proficiency in English in order to benefit fully from their course of study or research. Non-EEA nationals must also satisfy UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI) immigration requirements for English language for visa purposes.

For more information on English Language requirements for EEA and non-EEA nationals see: www.qub.ac.uk/EnglishLanguageReqs .

If you need to improve your English language skills before you enter this degree programme, INTO Queen's University Belfast offers a range of English language courses. These intensive and flexible courses are designed to improve your English ability for admission to this degree.

Tuition Fees

Northern Ireland (NI) 1 | TBC

Republic of Ireland (ROI) 2 | TBC

England, Scotland or Wales (GB) 1 | TBC

EU Other 3 | £28,900

International | £28,900

1 EU citizens in the EU Settlement Scheme, with settled or pre-settled status, are expected to be charged the NI or GB tuition fee based on where they are ordinarily resident, however this is provisional and subject to the publication of the Northern Ireland Assembly Student Fees Regulations. Students who are ROI nationals resident in GB are expected to be charged the GB fee, however this is provisional and subject to the publication of the Northern Ireland Assembly student fees Regulations.

2 It is expected that EU students who are ROI nationals resident in ROI will be eligible for NI tuition fees. The tuition fee set out above is provisional and subject to the publication of the Northern Ireland Assembly student fees Regulations.

3 EU Other students (excludes Republic of Ireland nationals living in GB, NI or ROI) are charged tuition fees in line with international fees.

All tuition fees quoted relate to a single year of study unless stated otherwise. All fees will be subject to an annual inflationary increase, unless explicitly stated otherwise.

More information on postgraduate tuition fees .

Geography costs

There are no specific additional course costs associated with this programme.

Additional course costs

Depending on the programme of study, there may also be other extra costs which are not covered by tuition fees, which students will need to consider when planning their studies . Students can borrow books and access online learning resources from any Queen's library. If students wish to purchase recommended texts, rather than borrow them from the University Library, prices per text can range from £30 to £100. Students should also budget between £30 to £100 per year for photocopying, memory sticks and printing charges. Students may wish to consider purchasing an electronic device; costs will vary depending on the specification of the model chosen. There are also additional charges for graduation ceremonies, and library fines. In undertaking a research project students may incur costs associated with transport and/or materials, and there will also be additional costs for printing and binding the thesis. There may also be individually tailored research project expenses and students should consult directly with the School for further information.

Some research programmes incur an additional annual charge on top of the tuition fees, often referred to as a bench fee. Bench fees are charged when a programme (or a specific project) incurs extra costs such as those involved with specialist laboratory or field work. If you are required to pay bench fees they will be detailed on your offer letter. If you have any questions about Bench Fees these should be raised with your School at the application stage. Please note that, if you are being funded you will need to ensure your sponsor is aware of and has agreed to fund these additional costs before accepting your place.

How do I fund my study?

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How to Apply

Apply using our online Postgraduate Applications Portal and follow the step-by-step instructions on how to apply .

If you're interested in a particular project, we suggest you contact the relevant academic before you apply, to introduce yourself and ask questions.

To find a potential supervisor aligned with your area of interest, or if you are unsure of who to contact, look through the staff profiles linked here .

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