Offshore Wind and Coastal Communities: Economic Resilience, Well-being and the Just Energy Transition
Department of Economics
- Location
- Loughborough, United Kingdom
- Funding
- EPSRC CDT; £21,805 per annum at 26/27 rates; Fully funded
- Application deadline
About the project
- Offshore Wind and Coastal Communities: Economic Resilience, Well-being and the Just Energy Transition: Qualification(s) available: PhD
Qualification(s) available: PhD
- Entry requirements: 1st or 2:1 with Master's
- Fees for 2027-28 (per academic year): (Funded) UK: Fully funded International: Part funded
- Full-time: 4 years
- Part-time: 8 years
- Start date: October 2027
- Application deadline: 15 January 2027
- Project reference: AURA27-SR
- Location: Loughborough
- Subject area(s): Business and Economics
Project details
This PhD scholarship is offered by the EPSRC CDT in Offshore Wind Energy Sustainability and Resilience; a partnership between the Universities of Durham, Hull, Loughborough and Sheffield. The project is supported by industry partner The Crown Estate, which plays a central role in the development of offshore wind in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
The successful applicant will join a multidisciplinary cohort of doctoral researchers and begin with six months of fully supported residential training at the University of Hull, developing technical, analytical and professional skills alongside the wider CDT cohort. They will then continue their PhD research at Loughborough University, with opportunities to engage directly with industry and policy stakeholders, including the possibility of spending time at The Crown Estate’s headquarters in London.
This PhD in Economics will investigate how offshore wind development affects individual and community well-being, quality of life, social cohesion and economic resilience in coastal communities, and how these impacts can be better incorporated into policy and investment decisions.
The project will employ a combination of empirical and behavioural economics methods and econometric analysis of primary and secondary data to investigate how the benefits and costs of offshore wind development are shared across communities, population groups, and over time.
This research aims to explore both intended and unintended consequences, i.e. positive spillover effects, such as enhanced community resilience, belonging, economic opportunities, as well as potential challenges, related to coastal development pressures. Social cost and benefit analysis of offshore windfarm development can be carried out using non-market monetisation approach by translating wellbeing impacts of such activities into monetary values.
Working at the intersection of energy economics, well-being, regional development and social sustainability, the project will generate evidence of direct relevance to industry, policymakers and communities as offshore wind deployment accelerates.The future candidate will benefit from a structured training programme designed to build a broad understanding of current and emerging needs in the offshore wind sector. This includes the CDT’s initial six-month training programme at the University of Hull, drawing on expertise across all four partner universities, followed by Continuing Professional Development (CPD) throughout the four-year scholarship. Individual training will also be provided to support the specific methodological, analytical and professional skills required for your research and career development.
The successful candidate will develop strong expertise in behavioural economics, econometrics and advanced data analysis, alongside practical programming skills in software such as Stata, R and other packages. These transferable skills will support excellent career opportunities across academia, industry, consulting, government and policy.
CDT funding covering travel costs for students based at partner universities will be provided.
94% of Loughborough’s research impact is rated world-leading or internationally excellent. REF 2021
Supervisors
Primary supervisor: Dr Simona Rasciute
Secondary supervisor: Anna Rita Bennato
Entry requirements
Our entry requirements are listed using standard UK undergraduate degree classifications i.e. first-class honours, upper second-class honours and lower second-class honours. To learn the equivalent for your country, please choose it from the drop-down below.
Entry requirements for United Kingdom
The EPSRC CDT in Offshore Wind Energy Sustainability and Resilience recruits applicants who have received or expect to receive either:
1) a first class honours degree or
2) a 2:1 honours degree and a Masters or
3) a Distinction at Masters level and any undergraduate degree (or the international equivalents).
The CDT broadly recruits individuals with qualifications in the following, or associated subjects: (please include which subjects it would be appropriate to recruit students from for your project)
Afghanistan
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Masters | 95% | 85% | 70%
Albania
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Diplomë e Nivelit të Pare (First Level (University) Diploma (from 2010) | 9.5 | 8.5 | 8
Algeria
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Licence (4 year) / Diplome d'Inginieur d'Etat / Diplôme d'Etudes Supérieures | 16 | 14 | 12
Argentina
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Licenciatura/ Licenciado (4 year) | 8.5 | 7.5 | 6.0
Armenia
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Bakalavri Kochum required but typically a Magistrosi Kochum | 90% or 3.9 | 80% or 3.5 | 70% or 3.0
Australia
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Honours degree (AQF level 8) | First Class, 80% | Upper Second, 70%, H2A | Lower Second, 60%, H2B
Ordinary degree - AQF Level 7 pass (mark 46 or 50) | High Distinction (80% or 85%) | Distinction (75% or 80%) | Distinction (70% or 75%)
Austria
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Degree / Diplomstudium / Fachhochschuldiplom (Diplom (FH)) | A (or 1.5) mit Auszeichnungbestanden | 60% / B / (or 2) | 60% / B / (or 2)
Azerbaijan
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Bakalavr Diplomu/ Diplomu (Specialist Diploma) | 4.5 or 90% | 4 or 80% | 3.5 or 70%
Bahamas
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Degree from University of the West Indies only | 1st (GPA 3.6) | 2:1 (GPA 3.0) | 2:2 (GPA 2.5)
Bahrain
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
GPA 4.0 scale | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.5
Bangladesh
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Degrees awarded up to 2024: 4 Year Bachelor of Science in Engineering (IEB or BAETE accredited courses only) All other Bachelor degrees awarded up to 2024 also require a Masters (see grading below) | 1st (70%) / 3.5 | 2nd (60%) / 3.0 | 2nd (55%) / 2.75
Degrees awarded from 2025 onwards: Any 4 year Bachelor degree from an ECCTIS recognised university | 1st (70%) / 3.5 | 2nd (60%) / 3.0 | 2nd (55%) / 2.75
Masters (1-2 years) following a 3 or 4 year degree | 80% / 4.0 | 65% / 3.25 | 50% / 2.5
Barbados
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
University of the West Indies, Honours degree | 1st (GPA 3.6) | 2:1 (GPA 3.0) | 2:2 (GPA 2.5)
Barbados Community College | 1st or GPA 3.75 | 2:1 or GPA 3.5 | 2:2 or GPA 3.0
Belarus
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Specialist Diploma (5Yr) | 9 | 7 | 5
Belgium
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Bachelor degree/Licenciaat/Licencie | 80% or 17 | 70% or 14 | 60% or 12
Belize
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Degree from University of the West Indies only | 1st (GPA 3.6) | 2:1 (GPA 3.0) | 2:2 (GPA 2.5)
Benin
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Maitrise | 18 | 15 or Bien | 12 or Assez Bien
Bermuda
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Degree from University of the West Indies only | 1st (GPA 3.6) | 2:1 (GPA 3.0) | 2:2 (GPA 2.5)
Bolivia
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
A Licenciado, 4 years Private (public/private) | 85/78 | 75/66 | 67/55
Bosnia and Herzegovina
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Diploma Visokog Obrazovanja / Diplomirani | 10 | 9 | 8
Botswana
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Master's degree | A or 80% | B or 70% | C or 60%
Brazil
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Brazil - 4 yr Bacharel or Licenciado/Licenciatura or Título Profissional | 8.5 | 7.5 | 6.5
Brunei
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Brunei | First | Upper Second (60%/B/3.1) | Lower Second (50% or C or 2.5)
Bulgaria
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
5 yr Diploma za Zavarsheno Visshe Obrazovanie (Diploma of Completed Higher Education) | 6 | 5 | 4
Burundi
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Masters or Diplôme d'Études Approfondies or Diplôme Ingénieur (professional title) | 18 | 15/20 (Bien) | 12.5/20 (Assez Bien)
Cambodia
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Masters | 80% or B+ or 3.5 | 70% or B or 3.0 | 60% or C+ or 2.5
Cameroon
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Bachelor degree or Diplome d'Etudes Superiures de Commerce or Diplome d'Ingenieur or Diplôme d'Ingénieur de Conception or a Maitrise, 4 year Licence or Master 1 (M1) | 1st / 3.6 or 15/Tres Bien | 2:1 / GPA 3.0 or 14 / Bien | 2:2 / GPA 2.5 or 12.5/ Assez Bien
Canada
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
GPA 4.0/Percentage | 3.7/85% | 3.3/75% | 2.7/68%
Out of 9 | 8 | 6 | 5
Out of 12 | 10 | 8 | 6
Chile
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Grado de Licenciado / Título (Profesional) de [subject area] (4 years) | 6 | 5.5 | 5
China
Students are required to have a bachelor degree (4 years) for entry to a postgraduate programme. The University uses a tiered ranking system to identify the required final mark, as outlined on the table below.
You can search for your institution (university or affiliated college) via our look-up tool .
First class (70%) | Mid 2:1 (65%) | 2:1 (60%) | Mid 2:2 (55%) | 2:2 (50%)
Tier 1 | 80% | 76% | 72% | 70% | 67%
Tier 2 | 83% | 79% | 75% | 73% | 70%
Tier 3 | 86% | 82% | 79% | 77% | 75%
Colombia
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Licenciado / Título de [subject area] | 4.5 | 3.75 | 3.2
Costa Rica
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Licenciado | 9 | 8 or 80 | 7 or 75
Croatia
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Baccalaureus / Prvostupnik | 4.5 | 3.8 | 3.0
Cuba
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
4-year Titulo de Licenciado / Licenciatura | 5 | 4 | 3
Cyprus
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Cyprus | 8.5 | 7.0 | 6.5
Czech Republic
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Bakalár (after 2001) 6 yr integrated Magistr | 1 | 1.5 | 2
Denmark
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
5 year Candidatus/Candidata Magisterii or Bachelor degree (7 point scale) | 12 | 10 | 7
Dominican Republic
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
4 year Licenciado or Título de [subject area] | 3.8 | Magna Cum Laude or 3.5 or 85% | Cum Laude or 3.2 or 82%
Ecuador
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Título de Licenciado / Título de [subject area] | 8.5 / 85% | 8 / 80% | 7 / 70%
Egypt
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Egypt | 3.5 | 3.2 | 2.8
Universities only | BA 90%, BSc 85% | BA 80%, BSc 75% | BA 65%, BSc 65%
El Salvador
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
5 year Licenciado, Título de Ingeniero/Arquitecto | 8.5, 85% | 7.5, 75% or Muy Bueno | 6.5, 65% or Bueno
Estonia
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Bakalaureusekraad or Magister or Magistrikraad | 5 or 91% or A | 4 or 81% or B | 3 or 71% or C
Ethiopia
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Masters (up to 2025) | A / GPA 4.0 | A / GPA 3.5 | B / GPA 2.8
4-year Bachelor degree with thesis (from 2024) | A / GPA 4.0 | A / GPA 3.5 | B / GPA 2.8
5-year Bachelor degree (from 2025) | A / GPA 4.0 | A / GPA 3.5 | B / GPA 2.8
Finland
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Kandidaattii/Kandidat or the Maisteri/Magister | 3 (out of 3) or 4.5 (out of 5) | 2 (out of 3) or 3 (out of 5) | 1 (out of 3) or 2.5 (out of 5)
France
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Licence (3 years)/ Maitrise/ Diplôme d'Ingénieur | 14 | 13 | 11
Georgia
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
4-year degree (% = new system) | 5 (95%) | 4.0 (85%) | 3.5 (75%)
Germany
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
German Bachelor/ Diplom, Magister Artium / Zeugnis über den Zweiten Abschnitt der Ärztlichen Prüfung | 1.5 | 2.5 | 3.0
Ghana
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Ghana | 65% / 3.4 GPA | 57% / 3.0 GPA | 50% / 2.5 GPA
Greece
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Universities | 8.5 | 7.0 | 6
TEI and non-University Institutions | 8.5 | 7 | 6.5
Grenada
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Degree from University of West Indies - classification | 1st, 70% (GPA 3.6) | 2:1, 60% (GPA 3.00) | 2:2, 50% (GPA 2.5)
Degree from University of West Indies - grade / percentage | A | B / 75% | C / 55%
Degree from University of West Indies - GPA | 3.6 | 3.0 | 2.0
Guatemala
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Liceniado / Titulo de (subject area) - 4 years | 90% (public university) / 95% (private university) | 80% (public university) / 85% (private university) | 60% (public university) / 70% (private university)
Guyana
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Master's | GPA 4 | GPA 3.5 | 3.0
Honduras
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Título de Licenciado / Grado Académico de Licenciatura (4 year degree) - GPA out of 5 | GPA 5 or 90% | GPA 4 or 80% | GPA 3.5 or 70%
Hong Kong
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Bachelor degree (Honours) | 1st or 3.5/4 | 2:1 or 3/4 | 2:2 or 2.5/4
Hungary
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Alapfokozt or Egyetemi Oklevel / Bachelor | 4.5 | 3.5 | 3
Iceland
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Baccalaurreatus degree or Kandidatsprof/Candidatus Mag | 8.5 | 7.5 | 6.5
India
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Institutions listed on the National Institutional Ranking Framework | 61% | 55% | 50%
All other Indian institutions | 68% | 62% | 57%
Indonesia
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Sarjana I (S1) from accredited Universities | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.8
Iran
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Iran | 17 | 15 | 13
Iraq
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Iraq | 80% | 75% | 70%
Ireland
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Republic of Ireland | First (70%) | Upper second (60%) | Lower second (50%)
Israel
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
3 yr Bachelor Degree | 90% | 80% | 70%
Italy
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Diploma di Laurea | 109/110 | 100/110 | 90/110
Ivory Coast
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Diplome d'Etude Approfondies, Diplome d'Etude Superieures or Diplome d'Etude Superieures | 16 | 14 (Bien) | 12 (Assez Bien)
Jamaica
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
For degrees studied at The University of West Indies or degrees accredited by UCJ and CCCJ | 1st (GPA 3.6) | 2:1 (GPA 3.0) or B | 2:2, 50% (GPA 2.5)
Japan
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Gakushi – GPA 4.0 scale | 85% or A or 3.5 | 80% or B or 3.0 | 70% or C or 2.0
Jordan
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
GPA 4.0 scale | 3.5 | 3 or 3.5/5 or 75% | 2.5 (or 3.0/5) / 63%
Kazakhstan
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
GPA 5.0/percentage scale | 4.5 or 90% | 4 or 85% | 3.5 or 80%
GPA 4.33 scale | 3.9 | 3.5 | 3.2
GPA 4.0 scale | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.6
Kenya
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Kenya | First / 70% / A | Upper second / 60% / B | Lower second / 50% / C
Kosovo
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Kosovo | 10 | 9 | 8
Kuwait
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
GPA 4.0 scale | 3.6 | 3.0 | 2.6
Latvia
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Latvia | 9 | 7 | 6
Lebanon
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
American | 85% (3.5) | 75% (3.0) | 62% (2.6)
French | 18 | 15 | 12
Liberia
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Master's | 4.0 or 90% | 3.5 or 85% | 3 or 80%
Libya
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
BSc Engineering, Architecture, Medicine | 85 (3.6) | 75 (3.0) | 65 (2.5)
Other bachelor's degree from a university | 90 (4.0) | 85% (3.6) | 75% (3.0)
Lithuania
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Lithuania | 9 | 8 | 7
Luxembourg
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Luxembourg | 18 (excellent) | 16 (tres Bien) | 14 (bien)
Macau
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Macau | 1st or GPA 3.7 | 2:1 or GPA 3.0 | 2:2 or GPA 2.5
Macedonia
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Magistar Дипломиран / Баццалауреус / Баццалауреа (Bachelor degree) | 10 | 9 | 8
Malawi
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Master's only | MSc 75% | MSc 70% | MSc 65%
Malaysia
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Classification | First Class | 2.1 | GPA 2.5
GPA 4.0 scale | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.8
Malta
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Malta | 1st (80%) | 2:1 (70%) | 2:2 (55%)
Mauritius
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Mauritius | 1st or 70% | 2:1 or 60% | 2:2 or 50%
Mexico
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Licenciatura / Licenciado/ Título (Profesional) de [subject area] | 8.5 | 8 | 7
Moldova
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Diploma de Licenţă (Diploma of Licentiate) | 9 | 8 | 7
Mongolia
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Диплом Специалиста (Specialist Diploma) | 90% or 3.5 | 80% or GPA 3.2 | 70% or GPA 3.0
Montenegro
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Diploma of Completed Undergraduate Studies or Diploma of Professional Undergraduate Studies | 10 (or 5.0) | 9 (or 4.5) | 8 (or 4.0)
Morocco
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Diplôme d'Ingénieur d'État, Diplôme d'Écoles Nationales de Commerce et de Gestion, Licence / Licence d'Études Fondamentales / Licence Professionnelle | 16 | 14 | 12
Mozambique
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Mestrado/ Grau de Mastre | 16 | 14 | 12
Myanmar (Burma)
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
2 year Master's degree | 5 or 85% | 5 or 75% | 4.5 or 65%
Namibia
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
4-year Bachelor Honours (post 2008) or Masters | 80% or A | 70% or B | 60% or C
Nepal
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
4 -year professional degree or Masters (after 3-year Bachelor degree) | 80% or 3.7 GPA | 65% or 3.3 GPA | 60% or 3.0 GPA
Netherlands
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Netherlands | 8 | 7 | 6
New Zealand
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
4 Year Honours degree (480 credits) - Level 8 | First (7.0) | Upper Second (6.0) | Lower Second (4.0)
3 Year degree (360 credits) - Level 7 | A+ (9.0) | A- (7.0) | B+ (6.0)
Nicaragua
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Licenciatura (4 year) | 90% | 80% | 70%
Nigeria
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
7 point Scale | 6 | 5 | 4
5 point scale | 4 | 3.4 | 2.7
4 point scale | 3.5 | 3 | 2.5
Norway
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Norway | A / 1.8 | B / 2.3 | C / 3.0
Oman
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
GPA 4.0 scale | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.5
Pakistan
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
4 Year degree only (the higher of the 2 options) | A- or GPA 3.7 | B or GPA 3.0 | C+ or GPA 2.6
2 or 3 year Bachelor or Associate Degree plus Masters | 1st (60%) plus GPA 3.7 | 2nd (55%) plus GPA 3.0 | 2nd (50%) plus GPA 2.6
Palestine
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Bachelor (4-years) | (85%) 3.5 | (80%) 3.0 | (70%) 2.5
Panama
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
4 Year Licenciado / Título de [subject area] | 91 (A) | 81 (B) | 71 (C)
Papua New Guinea
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Bachelor (Honours) Degree | 1st | 2:1 | 2:2
Paraguay
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
4 Year Título de Licenciado / Título de [subject area] | 4.5 (85%) | 4 (80%) | 3.5 (75%)
Peru
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
4 Year Título de Licenciado / Título de [subject area] | 14 | 13 | 12
Philippines
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Degree from prestigious state universities or Centres of Excellence (COE) | Summa Cum Laude 4.0 / 96% / 1.0 | Magna cum Laude 3.5 / 92% / 1.5 | Cum Laude 3.0 / 87%/ 2.0
Poland
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Bachelor Degree (post 2003) Magister (pre- 2003) | 5 | 4.5 | 4
Portugal
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Diploma de Estudos Superiores Especializados (DESE) or Licenciado | 18 | 16 | 14
Qatar
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
GPA 4.0 scale | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.8
Romania
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Diploma de Licenta/ Diploma de Inginer | 9 | 8 | 7
Russia
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Bakalavr/Specialist Diploma/Magistr | 4.5 | 4.0 | 3.5
Rwanda
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
4 year bachelor (Hons) degree (480 credits) | 1st, 16/20 (80%) | 2:1,14/20 (70%) | 2:2, 12/20 (60%)
Saudi Arabia
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
GPA 4.0 scale | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.5
GPA 5.0 scale | 4.5 | 3.75 | 3.0
Senegal
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Maitrise, Diplome d'Etude Approfondies, Diplome d'Etude Superieures or Diplome d'Etude Superieures Specialisees | 16/20 or Tres Bien | 14/20 or Bien | 12/20 or Assez Bien
Serbia
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Diplomirani/ Bachelor's degree | 9 | 8 | 7
Sierra Leone
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Honours degree or masters | 1st (70%) | 2:1 (60% or B) | 2:2 (50% or C)
Singapore
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Bachelor (Hons) | First | Upper second | Lower second
GPA 4.0 scale | 3.7 | 3.0 | 2.7
GPA 5.0 scale | 4.5 | 3.5 | 3.0
Slovakia
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Bakalár (from 2005) Magister / Inzinier | 1.5 or B | 2.0 or C | 2.5 or C/high D
Slovenia
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
University Diplom | 9 | 8 | 7
South Africa
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Bachelor (Honours) or B Tech after 4 yrs study | 1st or 75% | 2:1 or 70% | 2:2 or 60%
South Korea
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
GPA out of 4.5 | 3.8 / B+ | 3.2 / B | 2.8 / C+
GPA out of 4.3 | 3.8 / B+ | 2.9 / C+ | 2.7 / C+
Spain
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Licenciado / Título de Ingeniero / Título de Arquitecto | 8.5 | 7 | 6.5
UCM grading | 3.0 | 2.0 | 1.5
Sri Lanka
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
4 year Professional degree or Bachelor Special or Honours degree | 90%, GPA 3.70 | 80%, GPA 3.30 | 70%, GPA 3.0
Sudan
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
4 year degree | 1st, 70%, B+ | 2:1, 66% | mid 2:2, 60%, B
Sweden
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Kandidatexamen or Magisterexamen | Overall grade of VG with a minimum of 120 credits at VG | B or Overall grade of VG with a minimum of 90 credits at VG | C or Overall grade of G with a minimum of 90 credits at G
Switzerland
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Bachelor Degree, Diplom or Lizentiat (10/6/5) | 10 / 5.5 / 1 | 8 / 5 / 2 | 6 / 4 / 3
Syria
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
State universities 4 years of study | 80% | 70% | 60%
Private universities 4 years of study | 90% | 80% | 70%
Taiwan
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
4 year degree | 76% 3.0 GPA | 70% 2.8 GPA | 65% 2.6 GPA
Tajikistan
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Диплом специалиста - Specialist Diploma | 5 | 4.5 | 4
Tanzania
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Tanzania | 1st | 2:1 | 2:2
Thailand
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
GPA 4.0 scale | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.6
Trinidad and Tobago
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
For degrees studied at The University of West Indies or degrees accredited by ACTT | 1st or GPA 3.6 | 2:1 or GPA 3.0 | 2:2 or GPA 2.5
Tunisia
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Licence, Maîtrise, Diplôme National d'Ingénieu | 16 (tres bien) | 14 (bien) | 11 (assez bien)
Turkey
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Lisans Diplomasi or a Műhendis Diplomasi | 3.3 | 2.9 | 2.4
Turkmenistan
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
4 Yr Bakalavr, Specialist Diploma or Magistr | 5 | 4.5 | 4
Uganda
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Uganda | 1st or 4.4 | 2:1 or 3.8 | 2:2 or 3.0
Ukraine
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Dyplom Magistra or a Bachelors degree (11 / 5) | 4.5 | 4.0 | 3.5
United Arab Emirates
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
GPA 4.0 scale | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.6
United States of America
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
GPA 4.0 scale | 3.5 | 3 | 2.6
Uruguay
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Licenciado (4 year) | 9 | 8 | 7
Uzbekistan
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Majistr Diplomi / Diplomi (Specialist Diploma) | 90% or GPA 4.5 | 80% or GPA 4.0 | 70% or GPA 3.5
Venezuela
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Licenciado/Professional title. (4 year) | 18/20 or 8/9 | 16/20 or 7/9 | 14/20 or 6/9
Vietnam
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
10-point scale | 8.0 | 7.0 | 6.0
4-point scale | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.4
Zambia
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
Master's | A or 4.0 or 80% | B+, 3.5 or 70% | B or 3.0 or 60%
Zimbabwe
First-class honours (70%) | Upper second-class honours (60%) | Lower second-class honours (50%)
3/4 year degree | 1st or 75% | 2:1 or 65% | 2:2 or 60%
English language requirements
Applicants must meet the minimum English language requirements. Further details are available on the International website .
UK fee
Fully funded
International fee
Part funded Full-time degree per annum
Fees for the 2027-28 academic year apply to projects starting in October 2027, February 2028 and July 2028. UK tuition fees for 2027-28 are to be confirmed pending the release of the UKRI recommended rates. Once published, the rates will be subject to formal approval by the University before being confirmed.
This studentship, which is partially funded by EPSRC, provides tuition fees at the UK rate and a tax-free stipend of £21,805 per annum at 26/27 rates and will increase in line with EPSRC guidelines for the subsequent years subject to progress.
International students are welcome to apply and a strong candidate may secure a fee award for the difference between UK and International tuition fees.
How to apply
All applications should be made online . Under Campus, please select Loughborough and select Programme Business School Offshore Wind Energy Sustainability and Resilience Please quote the advertised reference number AURA27-SR in your application.
To avoid delays in processing your application, please ensure that you submit the minimum supporting documents . The following selection criteria will be used by academic schools to help them make a decision on your application.
Please download a supplementary application form and submit it alongside your application documents.
Contact us
- Call us +44 (0)1509 223620
- Email us
- Web chats
- Register for email updates