The calming effect of group living in social fishes

About the project

Group living is common across the animal kingdom, ranging from the tiniest insects to the largest mammals. The ubiquity of sociality suggests that it imparts several benefits to individual group members. However, the evolutionary drivers of social behaviour within and among animal species remain obscure. One advantage of group living may come in the form of energy savings. Group-living individuals may reduce energy needs by sharing the costs associated with daily activities, such as movement and finding food. Social individuals may also benefit from the “calming effect”, in which energy use drops as the group can take advantage of having “many eyes” to scan for predators and reduce everyone’s investment in predator avoidance. Recent work in a social fish species found that socializing can reduce metabolic rate by 25% on average when compared to social isolation [1], with this calming effect persisting even under projected future ocean acidification [2]. This project will take a comparative approach to social fishes to identify what characteristics predispose a fish species to be “calmer” in a social context and determine whether environmental traits alter the magnitude of this energetic benefit.

For full project details visit the Inspire project page .

Supervisors

• Lauren Nadler (University of Southampton)
• Clive Trueman (University of Southampton)
• Shaun Killen (University of Glasgow)

Professor Clive Trueman

• Stable isotope ecology in marine settings
• Ecophysiology (fishes)
• Sclerochronology

Entry requirements

A 2:1 honours degree, or its international equivalent , in one of these subjects:

• any earth or environmental science discipline
• biology
• oceanography or marine science

Fees and funding

INSPIRE studentships are funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC, part of UK Research and Innovation, UKRI). The stipend is in line with UKRI standard levels, including the recent cost of living increase.

All studentships are fully funded for 3.5 years.

How to apply

To make an application, visit the how to apply section of the Inspire website .

Contact us

For questions about the project, email Dr Lauren Nadler:

For questions about the application process, email the graduate school office:

• lauren.e.nadler@gmail.com
• gsnocs@soton.ac.uk

Research areas