Placing Astronomy: Landscape, Space and Science at Armagh Observatory, 1790-1916

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Placing Astronomy: Landscape, Space and Science at Armagh Observatory, 1790-1916

• Placing Astronomy: Landscape, Space and Science at Armagh Observatory, 1790-1916: School of Natural and Built Environment | PHD Applications are now CLOSED
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Overview

The project aims to investigate the historical geographies of astronomy at Armagh Observatory, which is the oldest continuously-active astronomical research institution in the British Isles. The importance of place and landscape to the science conducted at the Observatory is evidenced by its position in the wider regional landscape, the situation of several historic astronomical instruments, and its ecclesiastical and civic connections to the City of Armagh. The student, based partly at the Observatory and partly at QUB Geography Department, will be in a unique position to re-appraise the Observatory’s scientific heritage at an important time in its contemporary development.

Aim of the Project This collaboration presents an exceptional opportunity for a doctoral student to investigate the historical geographies of astronomy at Armagh Observatory, the oldest continuously-active astronomical research institution in the British Isles. The Observatory is home to a scientific heritage that has been intimately connected to a sense of place and landscape, yet one that has been largely overlooked in terms of its historical and geographical significance. This project will address these issues by placing the student at the heart of the Observatory to study its past spaces of science. Institutional Context Founded by Archbishop Richard Robinson in 1790, at the height of the Age of Enlightenment, Armagh Observatory is housed in a Grade A-listed heritage building, and is surrounded by 11 hectares of landscaped parkland. The significance of place and landscape to Armagh Observatory’s scientific heritage is evidenced by the precise context of its location, with line-of-sight connections to three historic meridian markers on the outskirts of Armagh, its strong civic and ecclesiastical connections to the City of Armagh, and its dual historical use as a domestic home for astronomers as well as a place of scientific research. The Observatory houses several unique instruments that remain in the places in which they were used to conduct pioneering astronomical measurements, such as the Troughton Equatorial Telescope, which is the oldest 2 telescope in the world that remains in its original setting, the Grubb 15-inch Equatorial Reflector Telescope, which was the first of its kind, and the Earnshaw Transit Clock, which was believed to be the most accurate clock in the world in its day. The study encompasses the careers of the first four Directors of the Observatory, who along with their colleagues pioneered modern scientific understandings of the Universe, most significantly in the publication of globally-authoritative catalogues of stars and nebulae in 1859, 1888, 1895 and 1908. The Observatory is now part of Armagh Observatory and Planetarium (AOP), one of Northern Ireland’s leading research, educational and heritage institutions. AOP is currently preparing plans to secure its cultural and scientific heritage, which include designs for a new archive building and landscaping works, alongside plans to have Armagh designated as a ‘Dark Sky City’. Research Context and Objectives Aside from a brief institutional history (Bailey, 2011), the legacy of Armagh Observatory as a scientific space remains poorly documented in arts and humanities research. Geographical approaches to the history of science have been pioneered by scholars interested in the ways in which scientific practice has been contingent on spaces such as laboratories, museums and botanical gardens (Livingstone 2003, Naylor 2005, Johnson 2011). Armagh Observatory’s setting as part of an ancient cosmic landscape, in the ecclesiastical capital of Ireland, and at the nexus of a modern landscape of scientific observation and interpretation, presents particular opportunities for broadening this field of enquiry, taking into account new scholarly directions in cultural and historical geographies of landscape, histories of observatory science, and cosmography (Edensor and Lorimer 2015, Aubin 2015, Dunnett et al 2017). Key research questions will include:  How were new scientific concepts about the Earth and the Universe theorised, tested and negotiated in the spaces of Armagh Observatory?  How have the historic landscapes of the Armagh region influenced the development of scientific activity at the Observatory?  Who were the key actors in the making of this space, and what networks did they establish with a wider community of astronomical research?  What has been the relationship between religious space and scientific space at Armagh Observatory?  What has been the significance of site-specific instrumentation to the conduct of astronomy at Armagh Observatory? Research Methods and Sources A combination of archival research, interpretation of historic instruments and landscapes, and analysis of written and visual sources will be central to understanding Armagh Observatory’s historic development. AOP owns a substantial record of original archival material dating back to the eighteenth century, including correspondence, buildings records and specifications for scientific instruments. These will be examined to interpret the Observatory’s scientific and spatial histories, including the development of key buildings and the landscapes to which they were connected. Analysis of historic telescopes, globes, clocks and other instruments in situ will be essential to understanding past interactions between scientific practice, place and landscape. Supplementary material, including landscape paintings, historic maps of the region, and local newspaper reports, are held at AOP, the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland (Belfast), and QUB Geography Department (Belfast), and will be the basis for further analysis in support of the core research questions.

Funding Information

Prospective applicants are expected to read the full Guidance Notes before proceeding with an application to the studentship competition, and to make themselves aware of the timeline: Northern Bridge Studentship Competition Guidance Notes 2019/2020 Studentship Competition Timeline 2019-2020 The competition is open to all applicants who meet the AHRC’s eligibility criteria. We will also be hosting two Application Masterclasses for prospective applicants. Two nomination routes are offered: Standard PhD Collaborative Doctoral Award (CDA) The consortium offers a number of established supervisor-led projects which will be available to view on the CDA page on or just after Monday 11 November 2019. We also welcome CDA proposals from applicants working with non-HE organisations. The studentship competition is a two-stage process: Stage One: Postgraduate Application Applicants to both the Standard PhD and Collaborative Doctoral Award routes wishing to apply for a studentship must complete their chosen University’s online postgraduate application form and submit it by 16:00 on Monday 13 January 2020. It is vital that applicants to the Standard PhD route consult their prospective School or Department at the earliest opportunity so that the expertise and capacity to supervise the proposed research can be identified, and to ensure that you will be fully supported throughout the competition process: 2019-2020 Subject Area Leads Stage Two: Applicant Nomination School/Department-based selection panels then select their strongest nominees on the basis of the applicant’s qualifications, research proposal, relevant experience and references. Those applicants will be asked to complete a Nomination Form, which must be submitted to Northern Bridge by 16:00 on Monday 17 February 2020 by the applicant’s School/Department. Nominations made after this date will not be considered. We strongly recommend that you contact your prospective School/Department as early in the process as possible. Schools/departments may set an earlier internal deadline by which they intend to have a final selection of nominees who they will support through to submission on or before Monday 17 February. If you approach a School/Department close to this nomination deadline, it is unlikely they will be able to support your application. The results of the competition are expected to be announced on Wednesday 8 April 2020.

Dr Oliver Dunnett

More Information

o.dunnett@qub.ac.uk

Research Profile

Full-time: 3 years

Geography overview

The research undertaken within Geography falls under three interdisciplinary Research Cells; PAST, PEOPLE and PLANET. Physical Geography-related projects (PLANET Research Cell) focus on themes such as climate change, long-term landscape and environmental change, resilience of ecosystems, environmental change impacts on heritage structures, and analysis of contaminated lands. Investigative approaches include a range of geo-spatial technologies such as remote sensing, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), big data analysis and spatial and temporal modelling. Much of our research spans several disciplines, for example projects on the restoration of peatlands, climate change implications for resilience and stability of soil, geoforensics and coastal geomorphology. The PAST and PEOPLE Research Cells focus on a number of themes in human geography, both historical and contemporary, which consider the relationships between human society, spatiality and culture. The four main research themes are: The Geographies of Knowledge: Research is focused on the geographies of knowledge, with particular emphasis on the cultures of science. The cluster has expertise on the relationships between science, race and religion since 1650; the historical geographies of scientific knowledge; the cultures of botanic gardens in the age of empire; the reception of Darwinism; the role of climate in debates about human cultures; the geopolitics of apocalyptic thought, and the ways in which cultures of science, technology and outer space are connected to questions of place, landscape and identity in the twentieth century. Landscapes, Critical Cartography and GIS: Research consists of quantitative spatial analyses of socio-economic data and qualitative cultural analyses of landscapes and cartographic knowledge from the medieval to the modern period. Critical cartographic/GIS techniques have been deployed to interrogate the veracity of the knowledge universe of the map, while digitally-translated documentary data have been used to re-configure our understanding of medieval urbanism and agrarian economies, as well as the spatial dynamics of religion and the politics of cartographic rhetoric. Political Geography: Research is focused on nationalism and regional conflict; critical geopolitics of religion; monumental landscapes and the politics of memory; international relations in a globalised world; colonial and postcolonial geographies of India; the processes of border making, geographies of embodiment and the securitisation of public spaces. This work has been carried out from both historical and contemporary perspectives. The Population Dynamics of Contemporary Societies: Research is focused on the population dynamics of contemporary societies and includes census analysis; research on travel to work; employability and labour markets; as well as social and religious segregation particularly in divided cities such as Belfast; the study of borders and external migration. Mode of study / duration Registration is on a full-time or part-time basis, under the direction of a supervisory team appointed by the University. You will be expected to submit your PhD thesis at the end of three years of full-time or 6 years of part-time registration.

Geography at Queens is in the Top 200 in the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU, 2021).

• Geography at Queen’s has a long-standing record of inter-disciplinary approaches to understanding the relationship between humans and their natural and cultural environments. Our graduates are equipped with high levels of expertise relevant to some of the leading challenges faced by the world today. In addition to support from expert staff in Geography, the University’s flagship Graduate School provides postgraduate students with a state-of-the-art interdisciplinary hub to support their personal and professional development. QUB’s Researcher Plus scheme provides PhD students with an opportunity to develop skills which are transferable beyond their research degrees, and the Researcher Plus award provides them with official recognition for the skills acquired in addition to their research. Many of our PhD graduates have moved into academic and research roles in Higher Education while others go on to play leading roles in educational practice, the public sector or within NGO’s. https://www.qub.ac.uk/graduate-school/
• Geography hosts three QUB research centres, the Centre for Data Digitisation and Analysis, the Centre for Canadian Studies and the Centre for GIS and Geomatics. Strong links exist between physical geography and the QUB Centre for Climate, the Environment and Chronology (14C Chrono )and with the School of Biological Sciences. Human geography has significant and extensive links with the School of History, Anthropology, Philosophy and Politics (HAPP) and a number of staff are Fellows of the University's Senator George J. Mitchell Institute for Global Peace, Security and Justice. The University's Core Technology Units (CTUs) provide researchers and graduate students with high-quality training in advanced laboratory techniques and access to state-of-the-art equipment. The Advanced Informatics unit helps us to maintain a comprehensive and systematic data management framework for our research data. The University’s McClay Library brings together wide-ranging library, computing and media services in a single location, blending the best features of a traditional library with the latest technology and provides state-of-the-art study facilities. https://www.qub.ac.uk/about/Campus-and-facilities/The-McClay-Library/ https://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/NBE/Research/facilities-infrastructure/
• Postgraduates form an intrinsic part of our research community and are actively involved in the School's cross-disciplinary Research Groups. Visit our School website and read about the exciting research being undertaken by our current PhD students. https://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/NBE/Study/PostgraduateResearch/
• Research students are encouraged to play a full and active role in relation to the wide range of research activities undertaken within the School and there are many resources available including: Access to the Queen’s University Postgraduate Researcher Development Programme. Office accommodation with access to computing facilities and support to attend conferences for full-time PhD students. Access to the research infrastructure is provided by the School's range of Research Centres and laboratory facilities and by the University’s Core Technology Units. A Geography research seminar series and 'lunch and learn' feedback sessions.

Course content

Associated Research Research Cells attract funding from a range of sources including; NERC, EPSRC, ESRC; AHRC, British Academy, Leverhulme Trust, and JISC. The clusters have developed an international reputation in the themes identified in the overview as demonstrated by an impressive record of scholarly monographs and publishing agenda-setting articles that have informed and influenced research directions within the wider discipline of Geography. The Cells research themes are carried out over a wide range of different geographical contexts and from the Medieval period to the present. Current research is focused on the UK, Ireland, Korea, Italy, Israel/Palestine, the Balkans, USA, Canada, Burma, and India. There are strong connections with cognate disciplines in the Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences in addition to cross-faculty supervision of a number of PhD projects.

Introduction For further information on career opportunities at PhD level please contact the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences Student Recruitment Team on askEPS@qub.ac.uk. Our advisors - in consultation with the School - will be happy to provide further information on your research area, possible career prospects and your research application.

Dr Alastair Ruffell Reader Natural and Built Environment a.ruffell@qub.ac.uk

Dr Andrew Newton Senior Lecturer Natural and Built Environment A.Newton@qub.ac.uk

Dr Diarmid Finnegan Reader Natural and Built Environment https://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/NBE/Research/find-a-phd-supervisor/dr-diarmid-finnegan.html

Dr Donal Mullan Senior Lecturer Natural and Built Environment D.Mullan@qub.ac.uk

Dr Ian Shuttleworth Senior Lecturer Natural and Built Environment i.shuttleworth@qub.ac.uk

Dr Merav Amir Senior Lecturer Natural and Built Environment m.amir@qub.ac.uk

Dr Oliver Dunnett Senior Lecturer Natural and Built Environment o.dunnett@qub.ac.uk

Dr Tristan Sturm Senior Lecturer Natural and Built Environment t.sturm@qub.ac.uk

Prof Gemma Catney Professor Natural and Built Environment g.catney@qub.ac.uk

Prof Helen Roe Professor, Head of PLANET Research Cell Natural and Built Environment h.roe@qub.ac.uk

Professor Christopher Lloyd Professor, Head of PEOPLE Research Cell Natural and Built Environment c.lloyd@qub.ac.uk

Professor Graeme Swindles Professor of Physical Geography, Head of Geography & Archaeo-Palaeoecology Natural and Built Environment g.swindles@qub.ac.uk

Professor Jennifer McKinley Professor Natural and Built Environment j.mckinley@qub.ac.uk

Professor Keith Lilley Professor, Head of PAST Research Cell Natural and Built Environment k.lilley@qub.ac.uk

Assessment processes for a research degree differ from taught degrees. Students will be expected to present drafts of their work at regular intervals to their supervisor who will provide written and oral feedback; a formal assessment process takes place annually. This Annual Progress Review requires students to present their work in writing and orally to a panel of academics from within the School. Successful completion of this process will allow students to register for the next academic year. The final assessment of the doctoral degree is both oral and written. Students will submit their thesis to an internal and external examining team who will review the written thesis before inviting the student to orally defend their work at a Viva Voce.

Supervisors will offer feedback on draft work at regular intervals throughout the period of registration on the degree.

Entrance requirements

Graduate The minimum academic requirement for admission to a research degree programme is normally an Upper Second Class Honours degree from a UK or ROI HE provider, or an equivalent qualification acceptable to the University. Further information can be obtained by contacting the School.

For information on international qualification equivalents, please check the specific information for your country .

Evidence of an IELTS score of 6.5, with not less than 5.5 in any component, or equivalent qualification acceptable to the University is required (taken within the last 2 years).

International students wishing to apply to Queen's University Belfast (and for whom English is not their first language), must be able to demonstrate their proficiency in English in order to benefit fully from their course of study or research. Non-EEA nationals must also satisfy UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI) immigration requirements for English language for visa purposes.

For more information on English Language requirements for EEA and non-EEA nationals see: www.qub.ac.uk/EnglishLanguageReqs .

If you need to improve your English language skills before you enter this degree programme, INTO Queen's University Belfast offers a range of English language courses. These intensive and flexible courses are designed to improve your English ability for admission to this degree.

Tuition Fees

Northern Ireland (NI) 1 | TBC

Republic of Ireland (ROI) 2 | TBC

England, Scotland or Wales (GB) 1 | TBC

EU Other 3 | £28,900

International | £28,900

1 EU citizens in the EU Settlement Scheme, with settled or pre-settled status, are expected to be charged the NI or GB tuition fee based on where they are ordinarily resident, however this is provisional and subject to the publication of the Northern Ireland Assembly Student Fees Regulations. Students who are ROI nationals resident in GB are expected to be charged the GB fee, however this is provisional and subject to the publication of the Northern Ireland Assembly student fees Regulations.

2 It is expected that EU students who are ROI nationals resident in ROI will be eligible for NI tuition fees. The tuition fee set out above is provisional and subject to the publication of the Northern Ireland Assembly student fees Regulations.

3 EU Other students (excludes Republic of Ireland nationals living in GB, NI or ROI) are charged tuition fees in line with international fees.

All tuition fees quoted relate to a single year of study unless stated otherwise. All fees will be subject to an annual inflationary increase, unless explicitly stated otherwise.

More information on postgraduate tuition fees .

Geography costs

There are no specific additional course costs associated with this programme.

Additional course costs

Depending on the programme of study, there may also be other extra costs which are not covered by tuition fees, which students will need to consider when planning their studies . Students can borrow books and access online learning resources from any Queen's library. If students wish to purchase recommended texts, rather than borrow them from the University Library, prices per text can range from £30 to £100. Students should also budget between £30 to £100 per year for photocopying, memory sticks and printing charges. Students may wish to consider purchasing an electronic device; costs will vary depending on the specification of the model chosen. There are also additional charges for graduation ceremonies, and library fines. In undertaking a research project students may incur costs associated with transport and/or materials, and there will also be additional costs for printing and binding the thesis. There may also be individually tailored research project expenses and students should consult directly with the School for further information.

Some research programmes incur an additional annual charge on top of the tuition fees, often referred to as a bench fee. Bench fees are charged when a programme (or a specific project) incurs extra costs such as those involved with specialist laboratory or field work. If you are required to pay bench fees they will be detailed on your offer letter. If you have any questions about Bench Fees these should be raised with your School at the application stage. Please note that, if you are being funded you will need to ensure your sponsor is aware of and has agreed to fund these additional costs before accepting your place.

How do I fund my study?

Find PhD opportunities and funded studentships by subject area.

We offer numerous opportunities for funded doctoral study in a world-class research environment. Our centres and partnerships, aim to seek out and nurture outstanding postgraduate research students, and provide targeted training and skills development.

The Government offers doctoral loans of up to £26,445 for PhDs and equivalent postgraduate research programmes for English- or Welsh-resident UK and EU students.

Information on Postgraduate Research scholarships for international students .

The Funding & Scholarship Finder helps prospective and current students find funding to help cover costs towards a whole range of study related expenses.

How to Apply

Apply using our online Postgraduate Applications Portal and follow the step-by-step instructions on how to apply .

If you're interested in a particular project, we suggest you contact the relevant academic before you apply, to introduce yourself and ask questions.

To find a potential supervisor aligned with your area of interest, or if you are unsure of who to contact, look through the staff profiles linked here .

You might be asked to provide a short outline of your proposal to help us identify potential supervisors.

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Research areas